Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of the death penalty. The leash most common death penalties are the gas chamber, lethal injection, and the electric chair. These methods are used to be a deterrent against crimes such as take away. The level given to these people is that they are little likely to commit a crime knowing theyll receive the ultimate punishment to kill. No other(a) punishment is to deter man so effectively from committing a crime as the punishment of death. Now many people may agree that this literary argument is correct, but Criminologists have built a strong case that the threat of death failed to deter murder, anymore effectively than prison. Therefore, to inflict harm to one, is just obviously useless. Capital Punishment is meant to deter crimes but at what cost? Capital trials are longer and more expensive at every step than other murder trials. Pre-trial motions, expert witness investigations, jury selection, and the necessity for two trials--one o n guilt and one on sentencing--make capital cases extremely costly, even before the appeals attend to begins. Guilty pleas are almost unheard of when the punishment is death. In addition, many of these trials result in a life sentence rather than the death penalty, so the state pays the cost of life imprisonment on top of the expensive trial. On top of that some states are spending large amounts of money, but murder rates are not going down. For example, the most comprehensive study in the country found that the death penalty costs North Carolina $2.16 one million million per execution more then life imprisonment. Texas, with over 300 people on death row, is spending an estimated $2.3 million per case, but its murder rate the Great Compromiser one of the highest in the country. A death penalty case costs an average of $2.3 million, is about three times the cost of imprisoning someone in a single cell at the highest security level for 40 years.The exorbitant costs of capital punis hment are actually making America less safe because badly needed financial and legal resources are macrocosm diverted from effective crime fighting strategies. Across the country, police force are being laid off, prisoners are being released early, the courts are clogged, and crime continues to rise. In Texas, prisoners are serving only 20% of their time and rearrests are common. Now if money was place men in prison instead of killing them. Also, Georgia is laying off 900 correctional personnel and New Jersey has had to dismiss 500 police officers.

Why Safety Belts? :: Car collisions

Why Safety Belts?To hear the value of safety belt use, its important to understand whatsoever of the dynamics of a crash. Every motor vehicle crash is actually comprised of three collisions. The Cars CollisionThe first collision is known as the railcars collision, which causes the car to buckle and bend as it hits something and comes to an abrupt stop. This occurs in approximately one-tenth of a second. The crushing of the bird-scarer end absorbs some of the force of the crash and cushions the occupy of the car. As a result, the passenger compartment comes to a more gradual stop than the front of the car. The Human CollisionThe second collision occurs as the cars occupants hit some part of the vehicle. At the moment of impact, unbelted occupants are still travelling at the vehicles original speed. Just after the vehicle comes to a complete stop, these unbelted occupants will slam into the steering wheel, the windshield, or some other part of the vehicle interior. This is the h uman collision. Another form of human collision is the person-to-person impact. legion(predicate) serious injuries are caused by unbelted occupants colliding with each other. In a crash, occupants tend to move toward the point of impact, not away from it. People in the front seat are often struck by unbelted rear-seat passengers who have become high-speed projectiles. The Internal CollisionEven after the occupants body comes to a complete stop, the upcountry organs are still moving forward. Suddenly, these organs hit other organs or the skeletal system. This third collision is the internal collision and often causes serious or fatal injuries. So, Why Safety Belts?During a crash, properly fastened safety belts distribute the forces of rapid deceleration everywhere larger and stronger parts of the persons body, such as the chest, hips and shoulders.

Animal Testing Journal Articles :: Animal Testing

This article is summarized as the experimentation to observe the intelligence and kind abilities of the Baboons. The achievements of the experiment are to better our understanding of the high mental processes of animals, chiefly Primates. The experiment entailed two baboons and two humans in a couple of sexual relation experiments on a computer. Both pairs were subjected to the find correlations and relations on a computer screen and then using a joystick point in the direction of the correct answer. The correct answer would result in a smell food pellet for the baboons and the wrong answer would result in a 7- trice timeout.In the APA guidelines they outline some very important issues sot the animals involved in the experiments are not abused. The first one I looked at is that enquiry should be undertaken on animals only for a clear scientific purpose, I believe this rule will discourage random testing. The second guidelines of the APA is that the research gather in a significan ce sufficient to allow use and testing of animals. This also includes a clause on human pain is the equivalent of animal pain. The last(a) guideline of the APA that I researched is section E which describes the psychologists behaviors as a monitor for the animal(s) welfare through out the research.My views on animal testing both mental and other essential be done under two conditions (1) the animals are being used for the purpose of bettering humanity or the human condition and (2) the animals must be treated if not like humans than better. The first condition is my way of saying that my experiment really does not follow my guidelines. The experiment was there just to see whether baboons (Papio papio) are capable of doing complex tasks, this has nothing whatsoever to do with bettering the human condition today which is in need of desperate aid. The second condition was once again broken by the use of food as the motivating factor behind the experiment, this means the animal was put in this situation hungry and HAD to be involved in order to acquire a must for survival, food. The ethical problems in this experiment were minimal so the intercession of Baboons. The protocol is normal to allow the baboons enough space in which to be comfortable and the experiment did not involve deception or possible taint or physical harm.

the bomb :: essays research papers fc

August 6th 1945, 70,000 lives were ended in a meter of seconds. The UnitedStates had dropped an atomic flunk on the city of Hiroshima then on Nagasaki. Todaymany argue over whether or not the US should generate taken such a drastic measure. Was itentirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon?First look at what was going on at the judgment of conviction the decision was made. The US hadbeen fighting a massive war since 1941. The outcome was obvious plainly both sidescontinued to fight, and both were determined to win. Obviously the better(p) thing would havebeen to bring the war to a quick end, with a minimum of casualties. In a meeting on the18th of June the Joint contend plans Committee gave Truman projected death rates rangingfrom a low of 31,000 to a high of 50,000. This number is much lower than estimates fromother sources. AC Snow, a news program and Observer editor, wrote The invasion was expectedto be the Armageddon of world war II. several(prenominal) his torians project that a million or morelives would have been lost. President Truman and repository of war, Henry Smitten, saidthat dropping the bomb was a military action that avoided the loss of many lives in theupcoming invasion of Kyushu.I wonder what would have happened had the A-bomb not been used? The mostobvious thing is that the war would have continued for much longer. Us forces therefore,would have had to invade the home island of Japan. Some historians say the number ofcasualties could have reached a million us soldiers, dead or wounded. Also, our forceswould not only have to fight off the Japanese military, nevertheless they would have to defendthemselves against the civilians of Japan as well. The Japanese would have continued tofight the US with all they had.No one can say only what would have happened, because lets face it, no oneknows. Its possible Japan was just about to hand over its unconditional surrender, butmost evidence would not agree with that. One thing t hat points to the Japanese notsurrendering would be Kamikaze pilots. Kamikaze were suicide pilots. They would loadan airplane up with explosives and try to nose-dive it into an adversary target. The JapaneseSoldier would fight until the end, for his Emperor and his country. They scary thing aboutthis is the majority of the Japaneses military thought this way. The fact that the enemy is defecate to die as long as you die with him is not something that a soldier wants to think

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley Essay examples -- Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley I am the director of the foregather An Inspector Calls. I am writing this essay to advise the actors how to portray their characters in the final act. I will help them to deliver their lines appropriately for each character, to express the mood and genius to the audience. This essay will be focused on Sheila, Gerald, Eric and Mr and Mrs Birling. Context ======= The play is set in 1912. The Birling family be celebrating the engagement of their daughter, Sheila to Gerald. Inspector Goole then arrives during the celebrations and starts ask the Birling family questions about the death of a young girl, Eva Smith. She had committed suicide. Slowly, the inspector makes the family aware that they have played a large role in her suicide. We delay from the characters reactions and responses, what kind of people they really are. Sheila, Eric and Gerald realise their mistakes and how their attitudes and behaviour affe ct other people. Mr and Mrs Birling seemed convinced that they played no part in this tragedy. At the residual of act 2, the inspector is questioning Mrs Birling about why she didnt give money to Eva Smith, who was in trouble. The family also found out Eric was the father of Evas unborn baby. In the beginning of act 3, Eric arrives to the scene. The inspector starts to question Eric about his relationship with Eva. At the end of the play, we discover that inspector Goole is not a real legal philosophy inspector, and we are left wondering who is. Stage Layout ============ The stage is going to be set out into two rooms, a living room and a drawing room. The ... ... the play he distances himself from the events and finds an acceptable explanation for what has happened to the Birling family. Gerald also admits to his mistakes and Sheila respects him for his sincerity. Mrs Birling congratulates him for unmasking the inspector. In this way, he manages t o please the whole family. That man wasnt a police officer. You have to show this expression slow and clearly because it suddenly changed the mood of the play. He knows this will bring great relief to the Birling family. You should be stand up quite anxiously and with your hands it your pockets. You should have a grin on your face, and then burst out the good news. Conclusion ========== I hope you go through how to play your part. The importance of the stage directions is crucial. I hope enjoy playing your character.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley Essay examples -- Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley I am the director of the play An Inspector Calls. I am writing this essay to advise the actors how to outline their characters in the final act. I will help them to deliver their lines appropriately for each character, to express the mood and personality to the audience. This essay will be cerebrate on Sheila, Gerald, Eric and Mr and Mrs birle. Context ======= The play is set in 1912. The birle family are celebrating the engagement of their daughter, Sheila to Gerald. Inspector Goole then arrives during the celebrations and starts asking the Birling family head teachers about the death of a young girl, Eva Smith. She had committed suicide. Slowly, the inspector makes the family aware that they select played a large role in her suicide. We learn from the characters reactions and responses, what kind of people they really are. Sheila, Eric and Gerald unclutter their mistakes and how their attitudes and behav iour affect other people. Mr and Mrs Birling seemed convinced that they played no part in this tragedy. At the end of act 2, the inspector is questioning Mrs Birling about why she didnt give money to Eva Smith, who was in trouble. The family also found out Eric was the father of Evas unborn baby. In the beginning of act 3, Eric arrives to the scene. The inspector starts to question Eric about his relationship with Eva. At the end of the play, we discover that inspector Goole is not a real police inspector, and we are left wondering who is. Stage Layout ============ The put is going to be set out into two rooms, a living room and a drawing room. The ... ... the play he distances himself from the events and finds an acceptable explanation for what has happened to the Birling family. Gerald also admits to his mistakes and Sheila respects him for his sincerity. Mrs Birling congratulates him for unmasking the inspector. In this way, he manages to plea se the whole family. That man wasnt a police officer. You have to show this expression mute and clearly because it suddenly changed the mood of the play. He knows this will bring great relief to the Birling family. You should be standing quite anxiously and with your hands it your pockets. You should have a grin on your face, and then burst out the good news. Conclusion ========== I hope you understand how to play your part. The importance of the stage directions is crucial. I hope enjoy playing your character.

Discuss About Failure Essay

Q The denomination unsuccessful person should neer be used in preparation. Discuss.Failure is not the revoke of the journey. was an impactful phrase that Steve Jobs once verbalise in his most eulogised moment of wit. I would d atomic number 18 to say that also-ran is not a foreign backchat to anyone in the orbit and to the large majority, it is never viewed as a pleasant word to hear. In dictionaries, the word ruin is often defined as the lack of skill or knowledge to gain in accomplishing a task, yet ironically, the word failure is very often used in schools, where students attend to acquire skills and knowledge. Therefore, I strongly intent that the word failure should not be used in todays education system most of the era. Firstly, one causa why I feel that the word failure should not be largely used in education is simply because of its demoralising effect. With the advancements in science and technology, education systems around the world assimilate increased its difficulty by leaps and bounds. Hence, examination papers have changed and the syllabus only gets tougher.Students therefore are constantly bombarded with difficult and mind-boggling questions and tests, so it is only natural that there are bound to be failures within a class. save, for the students that had studied very hard for the test, failing would only crush their trustingness and pride. A research carried out by a group of students in Tokyo University had found out that 2 out of 7 students in Japanese High Schools are demoralised after failing their first few semestral assessments and their grades continue to suffer all year round as they had already lost the will to persevere and strive for excellence. This study supports my view that failure demoralises people as it extinguishes the fiery will within students and their drive to excel.More often than not, being called a failure in schools may develop in students a form of self-fulfilling prophecy as their constant failur es may have persuade them that they may indeed be useless and will never succeed in the future. Hence, I strongly feel that the word failure is too cutting a term to judge students based on their academic and holistic chance onments alone as this will in fact demoralise them. Another reason why I feel that the word failure should only be used to a bare minimum is because it creates more demanding parents. All parents have blue hopes for their child, and I would dare to say that every parent wishes for their child to be able to palmyly climb the rungs of the social ladder and stand at its peak.However to do that, excellent academic and holistic grades must be attained. A survey conducted by a group of students studying psychology in the depicted object University of Singapore (NUS) in 2011 observed that 75% of Singaporean families display prejudice against failure and envisage their own child enrolling into the top medical courses of the local universities in Singapore. This st udy displays the stress that students in Singapore face as now not only do they have to excel in their studies to achieve a decent grade, only if they are also expected to live up to their parents extremely highschool expectations. Such a scenario is ubiquitous in almost every Asian country and community, take the Asian families in Japan and the Asian communities in the United States for example, many Asian children fear show their report cards to their parents if they had failed any subject as they fear the tongue-lashing that they receive upon showing their grades.Moreover, Asian families have been stereotyped to be very demanding as they demand that their child score straight As for his or her examinations. This scenario is evident from the book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua which describes the regular strict Chinese upbringing where even an A- grade is not acceptable much(prenominal) less a failure grade. To fail is to bring shame and attaint to the family. T hus, I believe that the root of all these expectations branch from the very use of the word failure as it somehow segregates the students based on their abilities into two groups the successful and the failures, and parents would therefore want to push their child even harder to be able to recruit the ranks of the successful and falling into the pits of failure is not favoured by most parents. Hence, I feel that the word failure should not be used most of the time so that children would not need to fear failing and the ridiculously high expectations of parents can be somewhat mellowed.Lastly, as clich as it may sounds, the word failure promotes a segregated community in schools. Very often, it is a honey oil sight to see the students that excel in their studies form their own small cluster while the ostracised students that have consistently failed their examinations would form their own cliques. Such scenarios are especially evident in schools in the Western countries, such as t he United States and the United Kingdom. Very often, students that fail their tests continuously would rather invest their time in beautifying their aesthetic appearances or in honing their skills intheir extra-curricular activities. While the students that score terrific grades, on the other hand, are labelled muggers and nerds, hence this gave rise to the much stereotyped popular and unpopular kids in many American schools. This, thus, unconsciously created a segregated community in schools and as a result of this separatism bullying is rampant in schools as the more popular but academically weaker students would threaten the smarter nerds to accomplish their work for them. This is supported by a documentary film carried out by Discovery Channel, titled Bully, on the reasons behind bullying, which found out that one of the main reason why children resort to bullying is to achieve the much desired grades they wanted.Thus, failure had unknowingly created a hierarchy within many sch ools and therefore, I strongly feel that the word failure should not be used to a large extent. However, critics of my argument may argue that the word failure may instil in students the need to improve and work harder, and motivates them to cover themselves to their fullest potential. However, I believe that this is an extremely idealistic view as, not every student can remain optimistic upon receiving such dreadful grades. Moreover, such a argument also fails to take into consideration the students that had failed multiple times. Failing a couple of times may motivate one to try and work harder but the constant failure that some students experience would crush their determination and willingness to work hard. Hence I believe that if nothing is done to at the point of receiving the failure grade, and teachers allow things to go by its on course, the student may be badly shaken and demoralised and as a result instead of change his grades, he may actually worsen and score far worse grades.Thus, this brings me back to my point that failure should not be used in our education systems most of our time as every student have differing levels of motivation and not everyone can take failure so easily, and instead of improving themselves they end up despondent and unwilling to work hard. Critics of my argument may also claim that the competition that arises due the usage of failure is beneficial to the students. However, this argument is damage and the argument is too naive. This is because they fail to realise that is because of such intense competition that students may resort to cheating and other underhanded measures to attain a enough grade or their desired grades. In a study published in the Los Angeles Times, it was found that students cheat toattain higher grades to meet with their parents expectations or to enter into a high paying job from the top Ivy League Universities.Moreover, with globalisation, the presence of scholars in schools contribute to the c ompetition that local students face, and this has actually created such a stressful environment as the scholars contribute to the top scores of many major examinations and as a result the bell curve system that put ones grade would shift to the right and students would require to score higher grades to attain their desired grades. This additional stress from the increase in competition if not managed correctly would prove to be detrimental to ones mental fitness, and students that are unable to take such intense competition now, may just crumble under the abundant stress that all students have to shoulder. Therefore, I strongly believe that the competition that failure brings about brings more disadvantages than benefits and hence, I feel that failure should not be used in our education most of the time.Therefore, in conclusion, does failure necessarily bring more harm than good? While failure does indeed have its good points, like bringing about differential learning, beneficial competition to those that require it, it brings about much more adverse effects to our community. The word failure can badly demoralise students, create more Tiger Mothers a term used to describe more demanding parents, and a segregated community in many schools. Thus, I strongly feel that schools being the place that students attend to further improve themselves and acquire new knowledge, should not use the word failure most of the time as it simply does not bring about much benefits. Therefore, I would like to reiterate that I strongly feel that the word failure should not be used in todays education system most of the time.

British American Tobacco

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Any organisation regardless of the fact of its size, age needs to run smoothly and achieve the goals and objectives which it has set forth. And thus the organization needs to manage Human alternative vigilance effectively and efficiently. For it develops and implements its accept Human Resource Management concepts. British American tobacco Bangladesh is one of the oldest and largest multinational companies operating in Bangladesh. At British American tobacco plant Bangladesh, the rouge factor to their sustainable growth is human resource. cricket bat Bangladesh is a leading channel organization in the industrial sector employing more than 1,300 employees directly and a further 40,000 indirectly as farmers, distributors and suppliers. It has always been pull to estimable employment practices and has set out the framework of its Employment Principles on workplace practices, employee relations and employee human rights. BATB employs more than 852 mickle dire ctly and about 40,000 mass indirectly as farmers, distributers and local suppliers. BATB is one of the most preferred employers in the country.It is their pool of talented mess who give this place the wonderful and pleasant on the theorize(p) environment that takes the friendship forward every day. It is a team of different people, different cultures and backgrounds, coming together to form something new, something remarkable everyday. In this report, we bewilder attempt our best to exemplify how the basic portions of HRM are exercised in British American Tobacco Bangladesh. We have analyzed BATBs several functions planning, recruiting and selection, provision and victimisation, performance estimate and employee.We also discussed the BATBs goals, mission and vision. BATB wants to attract, develop and retain high caliber talent. It also wants an organization that is constantly developing. This learning culture shares k forthwithledge quickly, learns from its mistakes and replicates success formulas quickly. BATBs Employment Principles set out BATBs commitment to good employment practices and workplace related human rights. BATB grades condemnation in these forums because it is committed to developing employees locomote and because in business, individual performance matters.BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO History TheBritish American TobaccoCompany (BAT or BATCO) is the second largest listed tobacco conjunction in the globe, with a market capitalization of over ? 30 billion (U. S. $44 billion). It is based in London in the United Kingdom. It began operating in 1902 as a joint venture of theImperial TobaccoCompany and James DukesAmerican Tobacco Company, and grew to be the major fag company in many countries but non in the USA or in the UK, where each of the partner organizations had agreed not to compete with the another(prenominal).During the faith-busting era of President Theodore Roosevelt, the American Tobacco Company was forced to divest its interest, and in the old age that travel alonged. Imperial Tobacco also reduced its shareholdings. Eventu every last(predicate)y BAT became a comparatively free organization that out-grew its parent. BAT Industries The international remnants of the original company were reorganized into a holding company called BAT Industries in 1976, and it acquired what was left of the American Tobacco Co. by and by the anti-trust split-up. BAT later acquiredBrown Williamson(BW) which, at that sequence, was the largest cigarette company in the USA.BATs US subsidiary retained a degree of independence from the UK, although clearly it must(prenominal) report to the London office and occasionally they exerted their own pressure. BAT is based in London and has subsidiaries in the UK, Europe, Asia and the old British colonies. In 1999 it acquired the South African-based company ofRothmans Internationalafter a long battle with Philip Morrisfor control. The company has also diversified into many other industries owning, for instance, a major life insurance company, solid food and beverage companies, etc. The acronym BATCO is often used when referring to this larger conglomerate.BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO BANGLADESH Beginning the journey as Imperial Tobacco 100 years ago, the company set up its first depotat Armanitola in Dhaka Bangladesh. After the partition of India in 1947, Pakistan Tobacco Company was established in 1949. Then it became Bangladesh Tobacco Company Limited in 1972 immediately after Bangladeshs independence. In 1998, the company channelized its name and identity to British American Tobacco Bangladesh aligning the somatic identity with other operating companies in the British American Tobacco Group. Address British American Tobacco Bangladesh unsanded DOHS Road MohakhaliPO lash 6069 Dhaka 1206 Bangladesh Tel (+880) 2 882 2791 Tel (+880) 2 882 2786 BATBS SHAREHOLDERS BATB is among the first companies to be listed on the Dhaka and Chittagong Stock Excha nges and presently rank amongst the top 20 companies in call of market capitalization. British American Tobacco Group holds 65. 91% of our shares 18. 76% is owned by investment Corporation of Bangladesh Shadharan Bima Corporation, Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Shangstha, Government of Peoples republic of Bangladesh, Sena Kallyan Sangstha owns 4. 73% and further 10. 609% is owned by other shareholders. BATBS OPERATIONSBATB grows tobacco leaves by its registered farmers in Kushtia, Chittagong, Manikganj and Rangpur zones. Both its head office and cigarette manufacturing plant are located in Mohakhali, Dhaka. It has one Green Leaf thrashing plant in Kushtia and a Redrying Plant in Manikganj. RESPONSIBILITIES BATB aims to ensure that it nevertheless purchases leaf from responsible and sustainable sources. Its Social Responsibility in Tobacco Production program contendes the social and environmental issues associated with tobacco growing and croping, and reaches more than 300,000 farmers who submit all the leaf it buys.The program covers good agricultural practices for improving soil and water conservation, appropriate use of agrochemicals, environmental best practice and occupational wellness and recourse. It is also active in eliminating exploitative child labor and promoting forestation initiatives for the farmers who need wood for tobacco curing. As part of the program, it provides direct agronomy support and training to some 250,000 of its grower suppliers where it is not otherwise available. BATBs VISION BATBs vision is to achieve leading of the global tobacco effort in install to create long term shareholder value.Leadership is not an end in itself, but a company that leads its industry, is the preferred partner for key stakeholders and is seen to have a sustainable business, should be valued more highly. BATB defines leadership in both a quantitative and qualitative sense. Quantitively, it seeks volume leadership among its international competitors and in the longer term, value leadership. It recognizes that its success ordain depend on adult consumers and that, therefore, it must be consumer driven. But the hard, quantitative measures do not in themselves address all the things it must do as a company.It takes a long term view, tensenessing on the quality of its business and how it works. As a result, qualitatively, it seeks to be recognized as industry leaders and to be the partner of first quality for governments, NGOs, investors and potential employees. It will do this by continuing to demonstrate that it is a responsible tobacco Group, with a sustainable business, outstanding people and superior products. In order to deliver its vision, its strategy for creating shareholder value has four elements or so which all our efforts revolve Growth, Productivity, Responsibility and Winning Organization. HR MISSIONEmbedding winning culture where people always strive to excel. How BATB Works To Achieve Its Organizational And HR Vi sion To develop the most vital element of the organization which is the human resource BATB has put in a solidifying of efforts in responding to various changes and problems through effective formulation and implementation of human resource strategies through the HR incision. A key part of BATBs work is helping nurture an open, cocksure and winning culture, where all are aligned in delivering consumer satisfaction. It ensures that people have the opportunity to release their energies in a positive and focused way.It wants its employees to have a clear vision for the business and to foster enthusiasm to drive superior performance. Furthermore, BATB expect its leaders to engage with their teams and to develop their people. BATBs culture also encourages on-going development, so its role includes optimizing personal and organisational learning in order to leverage the capability of both the business and the individual to establish the company vision. BATB strives to refer the nee ds of the organization and individual aspirations and encourage personal fulfillments.Therefore, success is recognized in ways which are relevant to the individual. Strategic Human Resource Management The company clearly identified that a strategic approach to human resource management, development and administration was the primary requirement for dealing with the critical issues that it faced, and has been pursual such an approach since 1996. Under this approach, it has set out to achieve the following objectives * Create an environment within which all parties could engage each other, build trust and produce satisfactory results. Ensure a stable working environment in which the unions and the workers would become partners in achieving the companys overall objectives. * Develop leadership among workers and create an innovative environment * Ensure the virtual absence of disruptive industrial relations issues * Upgrade the base level of education and skill of all employees * Achie ve significant increases in productivity even off while there has been a reduction in employment levels * Create the cultural change from a manufacturing orientation to a service orientation * Manage the separations that were required Develop an environment at work that focuses on worker health and welfare, on safety and on the hazards of smoking * Improve the focus on customer service and product quality * Develop and maintain a reputation as an employer of choice HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING practiced by BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO BANGLADESH Employment Planning Human resource planning is a serve well of determine an organizations human resource needs through ensuring that it has the right go and kinds of people at the right place, at the right time in order to achieving the organizations overall objective.Like every other organization BAT also has its own employment planning. This planning includes determining the quests and supplies of labor in their organization. Determination of Demand of Labor The management of BAT forecasts the companys employees personnel needs based on its mission, strategic goals & objectives & technical and other changes resulting in increased productivity. Although there are several methods to predict personnel needs, but they use managerial judgment because it gives them more real world scenario for personnel needs.They think that the other methods cannot give the accurate situation of the personnel needs. These are basically graphical methods, which cannot measure the actual personnel needs. But managerial judgment method depends upon the change in productivity, market conditions etc. Determination of Supply of Labor Internal Supply- Increase in Internal Supply * New hires * Contingent workers * Transfers-in * Individuals returning from leaves Decrease in internal Supply * Transfers * Layoffs * Voluntary Quits * DismissalsExternal Supply BAT searches for fresh graduates among the business schools and other universities for ful filling the demand of labor. It also targets the experienced workforce who is already working in different organizations. Besides, it offers contractual jobs to the people among who most are students. It also goes through the Battle of point competition through which they bring out the best promising faces from the crowd. BAT has recruited 37 fresh students judged through this competition since 2004. romp Analysis of British American Tobacco Bangladesh JOB ANALYSIS A job epitome is a systematic exploration of the activities within a job that provides information about the jobs currently being done and the knowledge, skills and abilities that individuals need to perform the jobs adequately. A thorough Job Analysis can enhance the effectiveness of regular or recurring HR processes like Recruitment and Selection, homework and Development, Performance Appraisals etc to long-range areas like HR Planning, Succession Planning etc.British American Tobacco Bangladesh does not follow any sp ecific type of method to do the job analysis. Rather it uses a combination of different type of methods. The methods are based on the principles of advance(a) management and of organizational psychology. Purpose of Job Analysis The purpose of Job Analysis is to establish and document the job relatedness of employment procedures. A job analysis helps to determine the * procreation Needs * Compensation of the employees * Selection Procedures Performance Review Job Analysis Process A job analysis process has ternary outcomes Job Description Job description is a statement indicating what a job entails. It includes what the job holder does, how it is done, under what conditions and why. BATB is comprised by experienced human resources executives who at a first level, with the help of managers define the needs of the organization assessing the characteristics and obligations of each job post, as well as the organizations culture and structure.The focus of BATB lies on preparing a job description accurately, rapidly and in a scientific and effective way. The job description includes information such as the job title, a curtly job description, the jobs place within the organization chart, the immediate supervisor, coactive departments, obligations and authorities, degree of freedom to make decisions and proceed to initiatives, degree of blame in several circumstances, objectives etc. Job specification Job specification states the minimum acceptable qualifications that incumbents must possess to perform the job successfully.Based on information acquired through job analysis, the job specification identifies prerequisite qualifications such as knowledge, skills, education, experience, certification, necessary constitution traits and abilities. BATBs experienced and specialized collaborators prepare job descriptions for different posts based on a structured guide and specified methodology. Job Evaluation Job evaluation is a method of determining on a systematic bas is the relative importance of a number of different jobs. By sector and size, job evaluation is far more prevalent in the public and private sectors and among larger employers.In BATB its a useful process because job titles can often be misleading either unclear or unspecific. IN BATB its impossible for those in HR to know each job in detail. As a rough guide, job evaluation is very much essential for a coarse organization like BATB. Job evaluation is counted as an ongoing process in BATB. According to the company a job evaluation should be transparent, and reviewed regularly to ensure business needs continue to be met. Recruitment Recruitment is a process of seeking sources for job candidates. Recruitment process aims at acquiring responses from job seekers and avoiding applications from unqualified candidates.BAT searches for fresh graduates among the business schools and other universities for fulfilling the demand of labor. It also targets the experienced workforce who is alr eady working in different organizations. Besides, it offers contractual jobs to the people among who most are students. It also goes through the Battle of Mind competition through which they bring out the best promising faces from the crowd. BAT has recruited 37 fresh students judged through this competition since 2004. Recruitment Policy British American Tobacco Bangladesh has been in e-resourcing since 2002.It focuses on e-based advertisement for more visibility and transparency beside the stately print media. All recruitment related notices are posted on the www. bdjobs. com website. Candidates are required to fill up the blank resume format provided in the website. A well-structured and systematic selection procedure is followed to get the most suitable candidate. Following the selection procedure, pre-employment medical examination and reference checks are done. * BATB asks for applications from recognized universities from national and abroad. * Applicant must be a citizen o f Bangladesh. BATB encourages students with good academic track record to apply. * BATB is not prejudiced against race, sex, religion, age etc. Positions are offered to the candidate on the basis of his/her ability and the requirement of the company. If an application is successful, the applicant is invited to a preliminary interviewwhich will be taken by a member from the function to which he has applied and a member of the Human Resource team. This is a chance for him to come about out more about BATB, as it is for the company to find out whether he has the competencies BATB is looking for.BATB is committed to keep the applicant informed of the progress through every step of the selection process. BATB now outsources the recruitment process to People Scape. Mid Careers Whatever stage of your line of achievement, we can offer new challenges Talented people join BATB at all points of their career and for many reasons. almost seek a new challenge or an environment where they can prove themselves and where their current skills will be appreciated. Others want to reinvigorate their career or achieve a better work-life balance.And most want to improve their rewards package. BATB doesnt just offer a dynamic, diverse environment laden with opportunity people find the company a truly exciting and fulfilling place to work. They enjoy being part of a high profile company with a bullocky corporate culture that promotes individual and personal flair, while encouraging teamwork and delegation. Theyre proud of BATBs commitment to corporate business in a controversial industry. The personality of the tobacco industry contributes to the challenges of our work and to job satisfaction.Our people need a broadness of vision and understanding not always necessary in other sectors. They need people skills to communicate with diverse and multicultural audiences. They need the intellectual curiosity to try out new ideas and the imagination to ensure our story is told, even when under serious constraint. Selection The selection process of BATB consists of the following steps * If the application is successful, candidates are invited to a preliminary interview which is taken by members from the usable department for which the candidates have applied and a member of the Human Resource team. The candidates who selected in this interview are invited to a specifically designed British American Tobacco assessment centre. This provides them with the opportunity to demonstrate their skills and suitability through their performance in a number of participative and individual exercises. They also have the opportunity to partake managers and to gain firsthand experience of what it is like to work for British American Tobacco Bangladesh. * If they get through the Assessment Centre, they will be recommended to the respective Heads of Functions for a final Interview.And if a candidate is can prove he is suitable for the job in this interview s/he is selected. Brit ish American Tobacco has put in a lot of efforts in responding to various changes and problems through effective formulation and implementation of human resource strategies through the HR department to successfully utilize this large number of employees. BATB has proved that it is functioning very well and that it will continue its operations and will become the trendsetter of the Human Resource Management practices of Bangladesh.Managing performance While managing performance BATB focuses on * Measuring aligning performance * Rewarding performance * Managing administering benefits * Managing organizational learning and development * Managing change * intention developing the organization * Managing organizational climate * Learning in the organization Managing careersand development include * Assessing competencies and potential * Career development systems * Coaching and mentoring * Training and development Managing employment relations includes Managing employment legislation * Managing workplace relations * Managing HR customer services BATBs employment beliefs and principles BATBs people are its business and its Guiding Principles represent the common values at the heart of its success, shared by employees across the world. Its Employment Principles set out BATBs commitment to good employment practices and workplace related human rights. Guiding Principles * expertness from Diversity * Open Minded * Freedom through Responsibility * Enterprising SpiritStrength from Diversityreflects its cultural mix and a working environment that respects employees individual differences. BATB embraces different people, cultures, viewpoints, brands, markets and ideas to create opportunities and strengthen performance. In short, we are interested in what makes you unique. Open Mindedreflects BATBs openness to change, to identify opportunities and to consider new ideas, including ways of addressing regulatory issues and changing social expectations. People seek to list en without prejudice, actively and enthusiastically considering other viewpoints.Freedom through Responsibilityhelps our people to get on with their jobs BATB believes they should be free to make their own decisions, accept responsibility for them and not be hampered by unnecessary bureaucracy. Employment Principles Like all major international companies, BATB takes its employment policies and procedures very seriously. BATBs Employment Principles cover topics such as * Equality of opportunity and non-discrimination * Internal communications and the free flow of ideas * Worker representation and freedom of association Fairness at work and the unacceptability of badgering and bullying * That we do not condone or employ child labor * That forced or bonded labor is completely unacceptable * Performance responsibility * Health, safety and environmental responsibility * Community contributions and skills development for employees and communities in markets where our companies operate * Personal development and learning * Reasonable working hours and family friendly policies * Fair, clear and warring remuneration and benefits. Training and development * We recognize that getting the right start is crucial to building a successful career. This is how we approach your early training and career development. * TheChallenge Initiative is structured around the following components INDUCTION FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGERIAL DEVELOPMENT BUSINESS AWARENESS PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL The conclusion gives you the opportunity to learn about our company, objectives, products and markets. Developing a base of excellence in the function into which you have been recruited. Developing managerial competencies needed in your hereafter roles. Gaining an understanding of the overall business and appreciating the role played by each function. Giving you regular and constructive feedback, both formally (every 6 months) and informally (every 6 weeks) to ensure that you achieve the defin ed standards for theChallenge Initiative. * Theinductiongives the opportunity to learn about BATBs Group objectives, products and markets. It introduces the corporate guiding principles and culture, the role of each function, and industry issues in your country.It also introduces to the product and how the company markets it. * The Challenge Initiative programmer includes employees functional development development of a base of excellence in chosen function. BATB will clearly explain what it expects from employees. Then, with support from employees coach and mentor, they set their objectives and work towards achieving them in order to meet the needs of the business and their personal development objectives. * Employees will develop themanagement skillsthey need in their future roles with both formal training and on-the-job experience.And they will have the opportunity to put these skills into practice in preparation for the move into their first management role. * BATB also expe cts them to developbusiness awareness, an understanding of the overall business and the role played by each function. In other words, BATB wants them to understand the business beyond their own functional and geographical area of responsibility. It wants them to question its existing ways of working and to bring positive change to the business. BATB will provide them with opportunities to challenge its practices, a receptive audience and the feedback they will need to build their knowledge. BATB monitors their success through regularperformance appraisal. It gives regular and constructive feedback, formally every 6 months and informally every 6 weeks. This ensures that employees are aware of the standards they should aim for, and also that it can tailor their development to its needs. Training Training is a learning experience that seeks a relatively permanent change in an individual that will improve his or her ability to perform a job. To make training a success, a BATB takes care of the following points * Make learning meaningful * Make skills transfer easy and Motivate the learner Employee Training Method followed in BATB ON-THE-JOB TRAINING It means having a person learn a job by actually doing it. Advantages * Relatively inexpensive * Trainees learn while producing * No need off-site facilities Drawbacks * Low productivity while the employees develop their skills * The errors made by the trainees while they learn. Apprenticeship Training It traditionally involves having the learner theater under the tutelage of a master craftsperson. Informal Learning This learning process is not determined or designed by the organization.But the organization may ensure it by creating a learning environment in the organization. Job Instruction Training Listing each jobs basic task, along with key points, in order to provide step-by-step training for employees. Lectures The most simple and quick way to provide knowledge to large groups of trainees. Simulated Training It places the trainee in an artificial environment that closely mirrors actual working conditions. OFF-THE-JOB TRAINING The Case Study Method Here the manager is presented with a written description of an organizational problem to solve in a discussion with other trainees. Management Game The manager presented with a computerized decisions regarding but simulated situations. Outside Seminars Many organizations now are using this popular method on various aspects of business and management. Employee Development BATBs approach to personal development is based on a simple belief that the person who best knows your ambitions and aspirations is you. BATB aims to support its development. People will find that BATB invests strongly in people to increase their skills, improve their performance and take a leak them with new ideas.BATB is committed to motivating people so they can also motivate others. But BATB also believes that youre the best person to map out your own evelopment. BATB expec ts employees to drive regular career discussions. It encourages to assess their strengths and weaknesses honestly and to seek feedback from colleagues. BATB counts on them to make continuous learning and the quest for improvement a part of your personality to be hungry for new ideas, skills and assignments. Managers play a key role in this and employees play a key role in developing the careers of people reporting to them.The managers assess individual capabilities and place a high priority on development planning. They set stretching performance goals, which are regularly reviewed. The discussions focus not just on what employees have achieved, but how they achieved it and what theyve learned along the way. Career development tools Career planning benefits both the employees and the company. It helps build succession that earnings with employees own aspirations making them more accurate, reliable and robust. BATB encourages them to spend quality time thinking about their career and it has highly developed tools to help them.BATB is prepared to invest significant time reviewing their career and meeting their development needs to ensure that their potential is fully realized. BATB holds annual Talent Review Meetings which are chaired by circuit card members, for all regions and functions around the world. These meetings aim to ensure that BATB has good succession plans in place that take account both of individuals needs and of the future shape of the organization. BATB invests time in these forums because it is committed to developing employees career and because in business, individual performance matters.CONCLUSION British American Tobacco has put in a lot of efforts in responding to various changes and problems through effective formulation and implementation of human resource strategies through the HR department to successfully utilize this large number of employees. BATB has proved that it is functioning very well and that it will continue its operati ons and will become the trendsetter of the Human Resource Management practices of Bangladesh. Bibliography www. bat. com www. batb. bd-servers. com www. wikipedia. org

Plot Summary I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings follows Marguerites (called My or Maya by her brother) life from the age of three to seventeen and the struggles she faces particularly with racism in the Southern United States. Abandoned by their pargonnts, Maya and her older brother Bailey are sent to live with their paternal grand drive ( ma) and crippled uncle (Uncle Willie) in Stamps, Arkansas. Maya and Bailey are haunted by their parents abandonment throughout the book they travel alone and are labeled like baggage. 20 The community of Stamps, Arkansas, is the setting for most of the book.Many of the problems Maya encounters in her childhood stem from the overt racism of her white neighbors. Although Momma is relatively wealthy because she owns the general store at the heart of Stamps Black community, the white children of their townspeople hassle Mayas family relentlessly. One of these powhitetrash girls, for example, reveals her pubic hair to Momma in a humiliating incident. Early in the b ook, Momma hides Uncle Willie in a vegetable lay in to protect him from Ku Klux Klan raiders. Maya has to endure the insult of her name being changed to Mary by a racist employer.A white speaker at her eighth home run graduation ceremony disparages the Black audience by suggesting that they have limited job opportunities. A white dentist refuses to treat Mayas rotting tooth, even when Momma reminds him that she had loaned him money during the Depression. The Black community of Stamps enjoys a moment of racial victory when they listen to the radio broadcast of Joe Louiss championship fight, hardly generally they feel the minacious weight of racist oppressions. A turning point in the book occurs when Maya and Baileys father unexpectedly appears in Stamps.He takes the two children with him when he departs, but leaves them with their beat in St. Louis, Missouri. Eight-year-old Maya is sexually abused and raped by her mothers boyfriend, Mr. Freeman. He is found guilty during the tri al, but escapes jail time and is murdered, probably by Mayas uncles. Maya feels guilty and withdraws from everyone but her brother. Even after returning to Stamps, Maya remains reclusive and nearly mute until she meets Mrs. Bertha Flowers, the aristocrat of Black Stamps,21 who supplies her with books to encourage her love of reading. This coaxes Maya out of her shell.Later, Momma decides to send her grandchildren to their mother in San Francisco, atomic number 20, to protect them from the dangers of racism in Stamps. Maya attends George Washington High School and studies dance and drama on a scholarship at the California dig out School. Before graduating, she becomes the first Black female streetcar conductor in San Francisco. While still in high school, Maya visits her father in southern California one summer, and has some experiences pivotal to her development. She drives a car for the first time when she must transport her intoxicated father home from an excursion to Mexico.She experiences homelessness for a nobble time after a fight with her fathers girlfriend. During Mayas final year of high school, she worries that she might be a lesbian (which she equates with being a hermaphrodite), and initiates sexual communion with a teenage boy. She becomes pregnant, and on the advice of her brother, she hides from her family until her eighth month of pregnancy in order to graduate from high school. Maya gives birth at the end of the book and begins her jaunt to adulthood by accepting her role as mother to her newborn son. ird sings

Country Risk Analysis-China Essay

With the posement of economical globalization, abroad direct investment (FDI) is increasingly being recognize as an important factor in the economic development of countries. Although FDI began centuries ago, the biggest harvest-home has occurred in recent years. This growth resulted from several factors, particularly the more receptive positioning of political relations to investment inflows, the movement of privatization, and the growing interdependence of the world economy. Team B ordain perform a country risk analysis to ensure that endeavors of investiture into the Chinese markets are warranted.Initial ScreeningGreater chinaware has been ace of the most dynamic areas in the world economy. With the gate of the mainland china into the World Trade Organization, chinawares financial markets emerge on the frontier of economic reform and openness. Financial services in addition provide the most exciting foreign parentage opportunities in chinaware. However, the rece nt Asian financial crisis illuminates the problems in Chinas state-run enterprises and an ill-functioning banking system.This paper is looking for the business opportunity of financial services industry in China. It go away begin from the reexamine of the emerging economies to explain why the specific region was chose. The research of this paper also includes business analysis in China, a review of profitable industry, the business entry strategy and its functional areas operate in China. At the end, the future strategy and the recommendations will be discussed for the further steps in this investment.Potentials/FDILooking at the environmental factors of China, the economic development it has undergone in the past 15 years is of increasing interest to marketers. It has developed and continues to grow into a great profession partner. If this growth pattern continues, China will someday have significant economic influence on the world. One reason China could have a particularly lar ge effect is due to the enactment of Chinese citizens. China supports over 1.29 billion people and this itemise is increasing by .93%. If the standard of hold persists and income levels rise, it would be possible to accept the Chinese as potential consumers that would unlock a huge marketof individuals.The massive race has been a burden on China because the economy, as it stands now, can non bear to support such(prenominal) a number of citizens. The administration is trying to gain control of this problem by limiting the number of children to one per household, with exceptions to ethnic minorities and those living in rural areas. Other countries are offering their services to attempt to control the birthrate by showing the political science that population control can be managed without a coercive and involuntary approach. The government has been losing its authority due to political changes and popular resistance that make population standards difficult to maintain. Therefore, some projections save approximate that 1.6 billion will make up Chinas population by the year 2025.Countries wishing to arrest advantage of Chinas emerging opportunities are investing a large get along of time, effort and money in order to access such a vast market. These possibilities were made possible when China started its reform in 1978, opening its doors to foreign investments and mickle. This changed a self-reliant central economy into a manifold economy that combined state owned enterprises and private businesses. China could now allow individual citizens to have different amounts of incomes. The results have changed China dramatically making it the fastest growing economy for 15 years. When the reforms began in 1978, 60 percent of the population earned less than $1 a day. Since the reform, GDP has grown steady by an average of 9 percent. In the year 2000, GDP grew by 8 percent. Currently, per capita is equivalent to $3600 and as the economy continues to expand the pur chasing power of individuals will increase as well.The new economic reform policy intends to reduce central planning and increase business autonomy and spread income. Many problems still exist, despite the success of the policy and rapid economic growth. There is a movement for more privatization of some State Owned Enterprises because many remain unprofitable. In the year 2000, 46.5% of the SOEs were running at a loss. These problems stem from the socialist system that is still in place under their Constitution. Under the Chinese Constitution, it is theresponsibility of the government to manage the economy by means of production quotas and price setting. This apparent contradiction between the reform policy and the Constitution (1982) seem to work against to each one other. China will never succeed at full potential unless it retires the Marxist views and embraces a market directed system.Economic IndicatorsChinas economic growth remains quite mellowed due to the large investment s from the United States and Europe. The labor sector has a competitive edge with the rest of the globe now, where outsourcing of work to China is a priority among the large corporations. The Second Screening tries to look at more specific types of economic indicators to determine the risk and safety for a foreign company to invest in China, a country that has a communist government.According to the World Economic Forum, China has moved up from 33 to 39 in their 2002-2003 Growth Competitive Index while the IMD has mainland China listed as number 12. Summary data can be accessed below.In terms of trade surplus, in that location are fluctuations all the time due to the business cycle. Not all cycles of goods and services in China fall into predictable patternsChinas trade surplus in March fell to $6.9 billion, well below forecasts and down sharply from Februarys $23.7 billion surplus, reports AP.It was not clear whether the drop in March was the result of government efforts or would have a lasting impact.(www.metrics2.com)http//www.metrics2.com/blog/economic_indicators/Inflation is something that remains as long as prices keep leaving up, and thither are no controls of prices. The Chinese communist government does have strict controls over the Chinese currency. Its central bank controls the overall balance of renderments at bottom the country when dealing with foreign investors, as the United States.Chinas consumer price index (CPI) rose 5.3 percent year-on-year in July, mainly due to the fall back effect of price hikes at the end of 2003 and one-time factors, said the monthly report released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Thursday. The July inflation rate was 0.3 percentage points higher than the 5 percent rise in June, making it the secondconsecutive month that Chinas inflation exceeded 5 percent.Currency ConvertibilityCurrency in China is called the Renminbi and although it tries to be strictly controlled by the Chinese government, the curren cy competes on the world currency market just like the American dollar and the Euro. The currency is tied to the economic health of the country in terms of balance of payments. Sometimes this is difficult to understand because of the globalized world economies today, where e real country deals in all of the worlds currencies. International corporation for example can pay for goods and services in any form of currency.The official currency of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is Renminbi (meaning in Chinese peoples currency). The Peoples Bank of China, the PRCs monetary authority, issues the Chinese currency. The official ISO 4217 abbreviation of Chinas currency is CNY, but it is also abbreviated as RMB. Colloquially, the Chinese currency is also called Yuan and Kuai.(www.danwei.org)Gross Domestic ProductChina is likely to sustain itself the worlds fourth largest economy next week, having leapfrogged Italy, France and Britain, after a widely expected revision of its annual gross d omestic product figures.Economists put forward the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), which is due to release part of the results of its first national economic census on December 20, is likely to put a more than bigger figure on the size of Chinas services sector. Political and Legal barriers to doing business in ChinaThe Peoples Republic of China is a dichotomy of cultures and lifestyles. While maintaining the culture of an old world, there is a marked representation of Western culture all over the larger cities in the country. However, anyone wishing to do business in China will have to know and understand both cultures, and all the legal and political implications involved in doing creating a successful presence in China.In China, the first step in doing business is to have a legal framework to operate your business. You aim a legitimate platform to launch your business venture. It is not advisable to use proxy or another Chinese company to conduct business in China (www.se ve.gr). While the most obvious barriers to doing business in China include tariffs and other financiallimitations, there are some non-tariff barriers that could keep down a business from doing business in China.Entry BarriersGovernments lots provide trade consultations and administrative guidance to companies to facilitate implementation of their respective industrial policies. In some countries the role of government may get under ones skin the form of a caretaker, coordinator and leader providing guidance, coordination and arbitration. In order to achieve these goals, governments use such tactics as licensing, foreign exchange allocations and quotas. These tactics could interfere with free trade and become a barrier to market entry (www.foxweb.marist.edu).Profit Remittance BarriersFinancial controls may take the form of exchange controls, multiple exchange rates, and prior import deposits, as well as credit restrictions and profit remittance restrictions. Exchange controls lim it the amount of currency that can be taken abroad. Such controls limit the amount of currency an importer can obtain to pay for the goods purchased. It also limits the amount of currency an exporter receives for goods sell and the length of time it can hold the currency (www.foxweb.marist.edu).Prior to 2005, most businesses in China were state-owned and it was virtually impossible for non-state businesses to enter the Chinese market. However, in 2005, China lifted trade barriers that would allow private businesses to invest in the infrastructure, industry and utilities of China.Although the government has displayed support for the development of non-state economy in recent years, there are still barriers to the development of the private sector especially in the power and oil industries. Even in Shanghai where the private economy booms, the non-state business often baptisterys many limits from various industries (www.English.peopledaily.com).Cultural IssuesChinas estimated populat ion for 2007 is greater than 1,321,800,000 with a relatively small cohort. (CIA, 2007) The median agein China is 33.2 (32.7 male and 33.7 female). indicate 1 (CIA, 2007)Life expectancy is estimated at 72.88 years. Seven out of ein truth 1,000 people die each year. Infant mortality rate is 22.12 per every 1,000 births (20.01 male and 24.47 female). (CIA, 2007). The Chinese ethnic population is 91.9% Han Chinese while the remaining 8.1% is made up of Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other.Exhibit 2 (Cyborlink, n.d.)Culturally, China ranks highest in long-term orientation. This dimension indicates a golf-clubs time perspective and an attitude of preserving that is, overcoming obstacles with time, if not with will and strength. (Cyborlink, n.d.) Geert Hofstede has conducted many cultural analyses and ranked China the lowest in Asia in regards to individualism. This is thought to be in part to an emphasis on a Collectivist society by Communist ru le. Culturally, the Chinese are close and committed to family and relationships and loyalty is considered very important.Hofstede also noted that China ranks 80 in regards to power distance while the rest of Asia averages 60 and the rest of the world averages 50. This is indicative of a high level of inequality of power and wealth within the society. This condition is not necessarily forced up the population, but rather accepted by the society as their cultural heritage. (Cyborlink, n.d.) In regard religions, China is an atheistic society (94%) while only common chord to four percent are Taoist, Buddhist, or Christian, and one to two percent are Muslim.Education in China is very important. Two years before the dawn of the 21st Century the Chinese government proposed an ambitious plan intended to expand university enrollment to ensure a greater output of professional and specialized graduates. (Cyborlink, n.d.) The governments goal is to develop an elite of world-class universities. Today, 90.9% of the Chinese population is literate however, only 85.5% of Chinese females are literate compared to 95.1% of Chinese males are literate.The 2006 estimated Chinese labor force consisted of 798 one million million million people withan official unemployment rate of 4.2% for urban areas. Unemployment and underemployment rates for rural areas are considerably higher. According to the 2006 labor estimates, 45% of the labor force was involved in agriculture 24% industry and 31% services.Exhibit 3 (CIA, 2007)Competitive forcesNumber, size and financial strengthWith this being a relatively new product idea there is very little argument. That is not to say that there is no competition. Similar software exists however it does not take into account the end user. Most excogitate software is for the designer more so than the consumer. Our software allows people put in there body type and shape and then see how change state would look on you before you ever step foot in a stor e.Market shareWith a very small number of competitors is allows for firms to have very large shares of the market. We understand that being brand new we will not be able to have the entire market, however within the first three months we expect to grow it by a factor three. This is very ambitious but we feel with our strategic partnerships and quality product we should be the market leader within the first 18 months.Marketing strategiesOur marketing strategy will be to associate our self with an established fashion label(s). We will use there good name to help promote our product as a product extension of the clothes.DistributionWe will distribute our products through on livestock stores as well as their contemporary bricks and mortar counterpart. We feel this is the best over all resolution to get the product into the hands of as many people as possible. The competition utilizes the internet as well as physical stores as well so we must do both as well.Modes of entryAs for the mod e of entry, we have obdurate that because of the bureaucratic red tape associated with doing business in china it would be most beneficial if we combined our efforts with an already established clothing company. That way we would not have to launch a completely new company however just branch out as a different product line to an existingbrand. We will probably use price skimming as this type of software will be aimed at consumers who are willing to pay a premium for fashion. Also they might perceive a lower price as a lower quality product.An alternative mode of entry could be if we sold our software to multiple clothing makers and allow them to use the software as a tool. This also would eliminate some of the governmental procedures. This solution would also get the product out and into more users. The products of this industry are services, it is extremely important to build good relationship with guest and build customer loyalty in long term. This issue is currently managed by the group successfully. The only challenge is to keep the standard when entering the China market.In the passing competitive business atmosphere currently occurring in China, there is a large shortage of qualified employees. Many companies are eager to attract as many skilled professionals as possible, especially in financial services industry. Local business giants realize the urgency and magnitude of their needs. Besides the great number of expatiate executives, management-training companies in Shanghai have mushroomed to several thousand to provide the management talent.In conclusion, with the speed up of world economic integration process and the gradual opening of financial market after Chinas entry into WTO, China financial services sector will have to face more powerful competition and challenges from overseas intruders. China will be stepping up infrastructure development and offering equal opportunities to both the foreign banks and the domestics. It also is a greater opp ortunity for WF to take a step in sharing the market.ReferencesChina lifts barriers of private business into monopolized industries. (2005). Retrieved April 21, 2007 from http//english.peopledaily.com.cn/200501/20/eng20050120_171269.htmlCIA. (2007, April). China. Retrieved April 19, 2007, from The World Fact throwhttps//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.htmlCyborlink. (n.d.). China. Retrieved April 19, 2007, from International Business

ADHD and Autism

ADD and Autism I chose this topic of ADD and autism because I had heard of these two disturbs many generation before and had always wondered what they were. The subject of why pincerren act differently than others had always interested me since I was little. I have experienced and interacted with a young son that had autism before and I make that the way he interacted with me and others around him was fascinating. in advance researching, I knew that ADD and autism werent sicknesses like the flu or a cold. Some be born with it, you cant catch or spread it.I knew it had something to do the brains and its genes. I knew that if you had ADD or autism, it would affect the way you learn and behave. Going into this topic, I knew I was about interested in knowing how children act when they are diagnosed with these inconveniences. How they act compared to children without ADD or autism. I also wanted to know what it was like when they become adults. Does the disorder go away? Or are th ere ways to cure or calm the symptoms down? I also wanted to research this topic because I wanted to know the difference between the two.I was always confused between ADD and autism and if some ane asked me what the difference was, I dont think I loud be able to give a good answer. My thesis going into this research paper is that ADD and autism seem very similar, almost the same, but as I go deeper into the topic, you will see that they are quite different. When we think of ADD and autism, we Just think of it as problems or disorders that make children not normal. My design is that though these two disorders bring difficulties, they are very different.Different in the way they are caused, how they are diagnosed, what symptoms each ones possesses, and how each one is handled. How they are handled by parents, teachers and doctors. Before researching, I wrote some questions to help me stay focused on what I wanted find out. Some questions that were most helpful dealt with the symptoms in a child with autism or ADD, how parents should deal with their children, how you can detect children with autism/ADD and the difference between the two. These were helpful because there was the most information about those questions.It gave me the opportunity to write to a greater extent about my topic. Some of my questions werent as helpful as others. There was only little information I could find about that particular subject so I couldnt write about it as much as the others. When I began to research about ADD and autism I chose three sources for each one. Each one was different. I chose one that talked about what ADD/autism was and how it is caused. Another one explained what the symptoms are when children have these disorders. I also used a source with a existing life story about parents and their child who had ADD.This helped me so I could see from a real life perspective, what it was like to live with someone who had ADD. There wasnt a specific order in which I wanted to research, like ADD or autism first, so randomly, I started with ADD. I started with the basics. What it was and how it was caused. Then I moved onto the symptoms of a child with ADD and how to can detect and treat disorder. Then I did the same for autism. After I researched about what each one was, I found an article comparing the two. That was very helpful because that was what my research was about comparing ADD and autism.For this project, I had some struggles getting all my thoughts collected and organized. At propagation I felt lost and unprepared. I tried to read all my sources as thoroughly as I could in order but I felt like time was rushing against me so I stopped at parts and went and read other resources and went back to the previous one, so it got pleasant of disorganized. I still was able to label and take notes on each source well and correctly so that was a plus. The research paper precis was a big help for me because it Just made everything much more organized and clear so I knew how I was going to write and display my paper.What ADD? We all know that ADD is something that kids have sometimes which causes them to act differently but not all people know what it is exactly. Attention shortfall hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADD is a common condition affecting children, teenagers ND even sometimes adults (WebMD). About four million children fuck off from ADD. This condition comes with learning disorders causing the children to have a hard time during school (Quietist Children). Over the years, experts have questioned whether kids outgrow ADD.That made them come to the conclusion that the disorder may be more common in adults than thought otherwise (WebMD). Studies show that children with the disorder generally have problems concentrating or paying attention. They get easily bored, frustrated with the tasks at hand or have difficulty following directions. I feel bad for children with the disorder because it wasnt their fault they act l ike that. concourse like teachers and parents get frustrated and annoyed at these children because they cant sit still or listen the first time.They know that the children are diagnosed with the disorder but they dont amply understand. Another problem that children mainly tend to have with ADD is that they move constantly and are impulsive. They dont have the control to stop and think before they act. This interferes with the childs big businessman to function at school and home. Even though kids that dont have ADD sometimes have learning and behavioral disabilities, these symptoms are more prominent in a child with the disorder. Adults with ADD dont have the exact same symptoms as a child with the disorder. They may have difficulty with time management, organizational skills, refinement setting, and employment. The problems they face arent all dealing with work and profession. Adults might also face problems with personal subjects like relationships, self-esteem, and addiction s. The symptoms of children with ADD are normally categorized into three groups inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. heedlessness has to deal with when the child gets easily distracted or has difficulty following directions. When someone is talking they dont seem to be listening.Hyperactivity symptoms are like when he or she cant sit still. They squirm or fidget constantly and talk excessively. Lastly, impulsively says it in its name. The children dont have control basically. Its hard for them to wait their turn and constantly discover others (WebMD). I can understand how dealing with children with ADD can be difficult and frustrating but I think if more people were informed of what the hillier are going through, they could be more understanding. How ADD is caused There is no specific scientific explanation for how ADD is caused.

Family Counseling Essay

A family counseling approach is a counseling theory that includes a faction of a variety of techniques, interventions, and tenets are used to enshroud the necessarily of family members. analytic thinking is a form of therapy developed by Sigmond Freud. He was the first therapist to seek talk therapy as a vi fit means for treating psychological dis strays. Psych some otherapy serves as an umbrella design for psychotherapeutic treatments. The family counseling approach is found upon psychoanalytic philosophies, interventions, and techniques.Classical psychoanalytic techniques and interventions are discussed and explained. Counseling from a saviorian perspective assists the counselor with focusing on hotshotnesss own performance based upon self-awareness and self-tests. A Christian worldview within family counseling affects the counselor and the invitee. While working with a node, the counselor can focus on the proper application of the American Counseling Association, ACA, and the American Association of Christian Counselors, AACC, Codes of Ethics.Integrating the Codes of Ethics into daily practice helps the counselor to develop aces sense of self along with their biases, limitations, and strengths. Biblical values anyow the Christian family therapist the opportunity to show clients ways Christ can guide their life. Part I Research Psychoanalysis forged its way into modern day therapies by founder Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis is based upon the idea that humans are motivated by conflicts between unconscious(p)(p) and conscious forces (Murdock, 2009, p. 63).Freud was the first to research the talk therapy approach as treatment for psychological dysfunction (Murdock, 2011, p. 0). The Freudian schema explains the contrasts as an unconscious and a preconscious, an ego, and an id, pragmatism and fantasy, transference and a real relationship, a pleasure principle and a real relationship, neurosis and relative normality (Friedman, 2002, p. 2). Research starting in the mid-seventies provides support for the basic tenet that unconscious association networks, (thoughts, wishes, beliefs, fantasies), and unconscious procedures, (motives, defenses, character), control behavior outside awareness (Gilhooley, 2008, p. 93).It is measurable to realize there has been change in psychoanalysis throughout the years. According to Giannoni (2003), we should be prepared to accept the fact that psychoanalysis has changed as well, in tune with the historical-cultural changes . . . (Giannoni, 2003, p. 645). Clients can benefit from the processes of psychoanalysis bit conducting talk therapy, free association, and dream analysis as directly related to current and early relationships. A treatment plan is developed in order to address signs and emblems of depression, anxiety, or other psychological disorders that may arise in family therapy.Family therapy began to flourish in the 1960s. . . (Slipp, 1982). The results of this type of therapy are mu ltiple techniques and interventions are supported by the psychoanalytic theory. These will provide support and treatment of presenting concerns of psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. Goals The role of psychotherapy is to serve as an umbrella concept for psychotherapeutic treatments that operate on an interpretive-supportive (or expressive-supportive) continuum (Leichsenring, Hiller, Weissberg & Leibing, 2006).The central constructs of the psychoanalytic theory are the structural model, including the id, ego, and superego along with symptoms as symbolizations, and defense mechanisms. The primary goals of psychoanalysis include symptom relief, increased self-awareness, and a more objective capacity for self-observation (Fine, 2003, p. 789). From a psychoanalytic point of view, the goal for counseling is insight into the causes of any presenting tasks with one or all the members of a family. Another goal includes a decrease in the symptoms one or all the members o f the family may be experiencing.Lastly, the client/clients will understand the sources of the presenting problem or problems (Murdock. 2009). Interventions There are three primary interventions easily used in family therapy. The first intervention is free association. According to Freud there is one inseparable rule all clients must abide by. The rule states the clients are asked to minimize conscious control and tell everything that comes to their minds, with the exception that more and more significant unconscious material will emerge (Jones & Butman, 1991, p. 74). The second intervention is analysis of the resistivity.Murdock (2009) defines this type of intervention as a necessary awareness of the types of resistance a client may present. There are two types of resistance. These types are common resistance such as forgetting an appointment. The second type of resistance is flight into health (Murdock, 2009, p. 53). This resistance occurs when the client mistakenly believes one is getting better with their illness. The third intervention is dream analysis. When the therapist conducts dream analysis one can follow the guidelines limit forth in Freuds A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis (1920).In addition, there are multiple textbooks available to assist with dream analysis. much recent books allow the therapist to provide the client an interpretation in more modern terms. The primary object in the dream is the symbol. Each symbol has an interpretation usually based upon sex. Establishing the Relationship Therapists are required by the American Association of Christian Counselors Code of Ethics to maintain confidentiality regarding sessions. The client and therapist must be willing to impudence each other on a professional level in order for the therapy to be successful.As a therapist one must be willing to share a certain degree of disclosure with the client. Disclosure has become a complex and important consideration in the psychotherapeutic proce ss (Levine, 2011, p. 111). Disclosure may help to enhance trust between the client and therapist and alleviate any trust concerns the client may have. Analysis of Transference During transference the client/clients seeks support and approval from the therapist. Therapist should also explain to the client/clients that the therapists are human beings with feelings too. a lot times an unconscious conflict arises. This conflict may be a result of a strained relationship and lack of support stemming from ones childhood. By the termination stage the client/clients should be able to rationalize ones feelings. I will continue to encourage self-awareness of transference occurrences to Elizabeth and address them throughout the course of therapy. Insight Throughout the course of psychotherapy the client/clients should be able to understand that much of the sources of stress relate back to relationships in ones childhood.As the client/clients therapist, one encourages the client/clients to acti vely participate in free association at each session so the therapist can determine if any modern conflicts have risen at the unconscious level. At each session the client/clients are back up to openly express ones thoughts and feelings. The client/clients are instructed to delve deep into ones unconscious mind at times and to explore any thoughts and feelings one has been experiencing despite the subject matter. The therapist must be cautious not to conduct significative interpretations of the instances of transference, free association, or dream analysis.Munoz (2008) investigated suggestive interventions and discovered that some suggestive influence will remain, and it may either facilitate the analysis by enhancing the patients identification with the analysts analyzing functions, or be used to recreate conflicted relations, leading to impasse if not addressed (Munoz, 2008, p. 263). The client/clients are required to keep a dream diary and to bring it to each session. As part of the therapy process, the therapist can use Freuds A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis (1920) to interpret elements of the client/clients dreams.Often times dreams are an element equivalent to Freuds dream symbol interpretations involving sex of some form. With the successful growth of insight into ones life and willingness to participate in talk therapy, clients settle into therapy and all of its components. Free association becomes much easier for one and flows more smoothly. Clients may be able to understand the inner conflicts from ones childhood manifesting themselves into ones current attempts at viable relationships.Clients may realize ones needs to look for honesty and integrity relationships without comparing outcomes of previous relationships with the potential outcomes of future not yet established relationships. Using psychoanalysis with clients may present one with the information need to help recognize when the unconscious mind is flowing over into ones everyd ay life. Clients may desire to help with conflicts among other family members. Many clients lack support and communication from other family members.Clients will be able to recognize one must confront other family members, either unitedly or separately about ones feelings. Clients grow stronger in ones ability to articulate ones feelings appropriately without an immediate outburst of anger. During talk therapy clients practice talking to another family member in preparation of confronting them. Outcome research supports the efficacy of psychoanalysis. A Temple study verify that psychoanalytic psychotherapy (weekly sessions for three months) was as effective as Behavioral Therapy, and that both were more effective than no treatment (Murdock, 2009, p. 8).Furthermore, to dismiss psychoanalysis as irrelevant to the real problems of life is to fail to see its potential significance for the church and society (Jones & Butman, 1991, p. 65). With the proven efficacy of psychoanalytic psyc hotherapy, clients will be fitting in interpreting ones thoughts and feelings, unconscious and conscious. Although there is proven efficacy to psychoanalysis, pieces of other therapies or approaches may be used to supplement the interventions of psychoanalysis. The venerable adage what doesnt kill you makes you stronger influences the development of man.Positive reinforcers help a client to strengthen ones ability to focus on unblemished processing of automatic thoughts (Positive reinforcers, 1992). Client furthers oneself by applying new learned behaviors appropriately in ones life. In order to obtain and utilize new learned behaviors, therapists should encourage clients to sire it to God. Often times this task seems impossible to complete. For example, if a client presents with major depressive disorder and panic attacks the therapist is liable for providing techniques to decrease presenting problems in sessions.Providing a client the opportunity and information on how to rel ease ones burdens into Gods hands promotes health and gaiety in both the spiritual realm as well as the physical and mental realms. The client needs to be willing to tell ones story and process automatic thoughts as another way of promoting health. Part II Integration Consilient psychoanalysis is used to integrate the fundamental knowledge of multiple disciplines (Valone, 2005). Consilience is obtained by integrating empirical research findings from other disciplines. This concept is a viable technique for desegregation of ones faith and family therapy.A key to family therapy is to build hope within the relationships Worthington, 2005). Hope-focused counseling involves a blueprint for marital counseling that describes your goal (produce stronger marriages), focus (promote hope), strategy, potential target areas, and interventions (Worthington, 2005, p. 18). Family therapy is a needed service for all populations. The need of this service encompasses the lifespan. Men and women of all ages benefit from family therapy. Counseling provides a client an interpretation of assessments and inventories, both hard copies and on the computer.Interpretations give the client a better understanding of ones personal values, interests, abilities, and experiences. Family therapy has advanced significantly since its humble beginnings in late 1800s. Advances in technology, including lightening debauched computers and a multitude of inventories and assessments, led to all populations having access to therapy. Disclosure of issues and concerns within sessions opens the door for a Christian counselor the opportunity to share the love of Christ with a struggling soul. Psychoanalysis is typically viewed as an atheistic philosophy.Freud based much of this therapy on having a client speak from the unconscious. In addition, he laced sex to most of his interpretations. As a Christian counselor I may view most if the interventions presented by classic psychotherapy as helpful. However , the symbolism from dream analysis as related to sexual organs or desires would seldom be used. There are three methods for integrating psychology and the Christian faith. Pragmatic eclecticism, metatheoretical or transtheoretical eclecticism, and theoretical integration are the three methods.Pragmatic eclecticism uses the methods that comparative outcome research has shown to work best with the problems manifested by the clients (Jones & Butman, 1991, p. 384). Metatheoretical or transtheoretical eclecticism suggests that proponents of psychotherapy may simply be wrong about how what they do works . . . (Jones & Butman, 1991, p. 390). The final method of integration is theoretical integration. This method attempts to traverse the limitations of a single preferred theory by using it as ones foundation or home base while ambit out beyond that theory to one or two other models (Jones & Butman, 1991, p. 93).Clients can recognize ones own potential for having a material relationshi p with Christ as the center of ones focus on hope. . There is a long established essay between Christians and batch coming from a worldview of science that goes back hundreds of years. As Christian counselors we must integrate theology and psychology. Viewing my future as a Christian counselor, I see myself asking clients permission to pray with them prior to each session. I feel homework assignments can be used effectively with some clients. on with integration, therapists posses several presuppositions from a Biblical foundation.Use of Scripture in therapy bridges the gap between psychoanalysis and Christianity. The Christian mind sees things differently because of these presuppositions. The presuppositions relevant to integration of Christianity and psychoanalysis are 1. God is central to all truth. 2. Jesus Christ is the truth (John 146) to which all Biblical truths are connected 3. God supernaturally intervenes in human history. 4. Human beings were created in the image of G od Human beings chose to rebel against God. 5. Human beings are involved in a constant struggle between good and evil. 6.The knowledge of God provides purpose and meaning for life (Blamires, 1963). The aforementioned presuppositions are a tool to use with clients who may not be used to using scriptural references as a method of finding peace and comfort in a trouble life.I appreciate and delight in most of Freuds processes of psychoanalysis. The methodology provides the therapist a solution to presenting problems within the family unit. However, I cannot fully vest all of a family counseling approach rigorously to psychoanalysis. Integration and introducing me foremost as a Christian counselor will hopefully lead to providing clients much needed therapy.

Lifestyle and Hobbies Essay

Barbara is a busy mother, who focuses such(prenominal) of her energy and attention on her children and financing their education. When she doesnt work, she takes flush of home and her focuses on cleaning, cooking and shopping for food and clothes for her family. Barbara doesnt have enough time to watch much television and doesnt hire attention to the few moments of commercial advertising that she is exposed to. However, she often listens to radio trance working in her alternation shop. She often switches the radio channels looking for the virtuous music, broadcasts or news depending on her mood.Moreover, Barbara is too busy to look for a yield therefore, the anti aging cream should be easily accessible with home delivery or retailers, which Barbara visits relatively often like supermarkets or pharmacies. Proposition for P n G The findings imply that the most effective method of advertising P&Gs product for this target segment is by the means of radio advertising. P&G should c onsider advertising its products finished and through radio channels between broadcasts listened by the target segment.According to Research from 2008 made by Commercial Radio Australia, 95% of Australians listen to the radio weekly, which makes this moderate one of the most effective and at the same time an inexpensive alternative of targeting the consumers. Therefore, to target segment represented by Barbara, P&G has to leaven anti-aging cream which is simple, price compatible and accessible through supermarkets such as Coles or Woolworth. (Kotler & Armstrong, 2007) Purchasing behaviour Opinion of the interviewer (Barbara) Barbara uses the elimination-by-aspects decision rule while shopping.She tends to assume the importance rank and cut-off points to the evaluative criteria of the products she purchases. She chooses the products which are closest to her criteria rank. The key factor in Barbaras purchase decision making is price. She doesnt pay much attention to packaging or b rand of the product. She often shops in Coles and Paddies Market. Proposition for P n G P&Q can increase the likelihood of the product being chosen by offering free samples, special price discounts and promotional packages.This method is called operant/instrumental conditioning and is particularly effective while introducing a new product to the market (Appendix 1). If Barbara tries the product under those conditions and she likes it, she is likely to continue purchasing it in the future (Davis, 270). The promotional package containing anti-aging cream, moisturising body application program or shower cream can be a perfect excuse for Barbara to purchase the products that will benefit not only her, but, also her absolute family. (Kotler & Armstrong, 2007)Likes and dislikes Opinion of the interviewer (Barbara) Barbara travels to and from her workplace six times a week. She dislikes waiting for the trains and buses. Proposition for P n G This finding cares an implication for P&G tra de team to consider placing billboards of their product on bus stops and train stations. More cost efficient option to that, would be repetitively advertising through MX free daily newspaper distributed on railway stations, tram and bus stops in Australia (Wikipedia, 2008).Because Barbara is strongly focused on well-being of her family, it would be sensible to use iconic rote method by advertising a range of products (moisturiser, shower cream etc. ) with an association to happiness and wellbeing of a whole family. (Murray, 2006) References Kotler , P & Armstrong, G 2007. Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall 12 edition. Murray , C 2006. The Marketing Gurus Lessons from the Best Marketing Books of All Time. Portfolio Hardcover.